Ratio Analysis Annual Published Statements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Ratio Analysis Annual Published Statements. Answer: Presentation: The current report depends on the examination of the proportion for RIO Tinto and BHP Billiton. The proportions will be founded on the territories of benefit, dissolvability, liquidity and productivity proportion. Figures extricated are from the yearly distributed proclamations of the particular organizations. As clear the current proportion for Rio Tinto has spoken to a rising pattern as the organization in the year 2012 announced current proportion of 1.42 while in the year 2017 the current expanded to 1.71 speaking to that Rio Tinto has been using its advantages for meet its obligation commitments. Rio Tinto then again announced a solid arrangement of results with higher working income of US $13.9 billion and mirrored a hearty operational presentation. BHP Billiton in 2012 announced a current proportion of 0.93 anyway over the range of six years the current proportion stood emphatically to 1.85. This gives a review that BHP Billiton has had the option to pay its liabilities. The organization posted a solid money related outcomes with positive working income of US $12.6 billion. As needs be, the snappy proportion for Rio Tinto in 2012 stood 0.96 which in this manner expanded to 1.32 in 2014. Despite the fact that the brisk proportion declined in 2016 to 1.27 anyway in 2017 the speedy proportion expanded to 1.37. This mirrors the organization has adequate resources for meet its transient commitments. The purpose behind increment in brisk proportion is principally a result of solid basic EBITDA of US $18.6 billion and with a multi year record edge of 44% in 2017. BHP revealed a brisk proportion of 0.91 in 2012 which expanded over the range of five years to 1.76. BHP announced a higher brisk proportion than Rio Tinto as the organization has better figured out how to resources for pay momentary commitments. The purpose behind ascent in brisk proportion is fundamentally a direct result of $12.6 billion money exhibiting a proceeded with progress in both the profitability and effectiveness. Rio Tinto revealed an obligation proportion a lower obligation proportion of 0.47 in 2017 mirroring that the organization has lower extent of benefits financed by resources. The essential purpose behind lower obligation proportion is on the grounds that the organization took proportions of bringing down the obligation to US $3.8 billion of every 2017. BHP Billiton expressed an obligation proportion of moderately stable obligation proportion as the organization announced obligation proportion of 0.46 in 2017. The obligation proportion of BHP Billiton spoke to a lower level of BHPs resources that is offered by obligation. Sensibly the lower obligation proportion is to a great extent a direct result of paid off net obligation to US $9.8 billion from US $16.8 billion. The obligation to value proportion speaks to the money related proportion that mirrors the overall extent of investors value and obligation utilized to back the advantages of organization (Scott, 2015). The obligation to value proportion for Rio Tinto throughout the years has moderately been shifting as in 2012 the organization announced an obligation proportion of 1.08 in 2013 and most minimal of 0.87 in 2017. There is higher level of obligation that is utilized by the organization to fund the advantages. Moreover, the expanding security yields and higher swelling with higher valuation of the US value showcase have decreased the unpredictability and fundamentally brought down obligation for the Rio Tinto. BHP Billiton announced a moderately lower obligation to value proportion as in 2012 the proportion stood 0.93 while in 2017 it decreased to 0.87 speaking to a lower extent of investors value and obligation utilized to back the benefits of organization. The fundamental value costs for BHP Billiton has altogether improved the edges and creates a solid income. BHP Billiton lower net obligation and in accordance with the solid budgetary exhibition of non-money modification of US $0.6 billion. Stock Turnover Ratio: The stock turnover proportion can be characterized as the proportion that speaks to how well the association is adequately dealing with its stock (Weygandt et al., 2015). The stock turnover proportion for Rio Tinto in 2012 stood lower to 8.31 anyway over the range of six years it expanded to 11.53 in 2017. This speaks to Rio Tinto generally more slow to change over its stock to the dollar sum. Regardless of the more slow stock transformation rate the market assessments for Rio Tinto chinas gracefully side reorganization were executed and drop in the worldwide stock by 10 percent. Besides, the market flexibly for titanium additionally improved in 2017 that was bolstered by lower stock and more tight gracefully. BHP Billiton announced an improved stock turnover proportion of 0.56 in 2012 which further improved in 2017 with the organization detailing stock turnover of 0.33. This speaks to that the organization has been proficient in changing over its income rapidly than Rio Tinto to the dollar sum. The essential purpose behind diminished stock proportion is a direct result of decreased expense of Esconda unit by seven percent bringing about constant profitability and great developments in stock. The advantage turnover proportion is viewed as the proficiency proportion that helps in estimating the capacity of the association in producing deals from its benefits by contrasting the net deals and the normal absolute resources (Williams, 2014). Rio Tinto announced a moderately steady resource turnover proportion of 0.44 in 2012. Despite the fact that the proportion fell in 2015 to 0.38 anyway in 2017 it stood firmly to 0.46. The essential purpose behind improved resource turnover proportion is a result of solid accounting report, world-class resources and restrained designation of capital spots Rio Tinto in the extraordinary situation of having the option to put resources into higher worth development and give better come back from its advantages than investors. BHP Billiton announced a declining pattern of advantage turnover proportion. The proportion in 2012 stood 0.65 while in 2017 it felled down to as low as 0.32. This speaks to that the organization has created lower extent of deals from its advantages. Regardless of the lower extent of focused deals, the top notch resources produce huge measure of money from all the stages and with positive accounting report and come back to investors of US $4.4 billion. The benefit proportion is utilized decide the capacity of the business in creating the income in contrast with the use and different business costs that are happened during the specific timespan (Weygandt et al., 2015). Net Profit Margin: The net revenue speaks to the level of income that is left over after the consumption are deducted from the deals. If there should arise an occurrence of Rio Tinto, the overall revenue proportion over the range of five years stood generally steady. The proportion in 2012 stood 17.56 while in 2017 it expanded possibly to 20.25. The essential purpose behind improved net overall revenue is solid basic profit of US $8.6 billion and solid net income of US $8.8 billion out of 2017. BHP Billiton revealed an overall revenue proportion of 21.21 in 2012 though in 2016 the net revenue declined to - 19.80 mirroring a fall in the edge of benefit for the organization. Be that as it may, in 2017 the edge improved decidedly to stand 15.95. The essential explanation behind ascent in benefit for BHP is a direct result of the US $5.9 billion of inferable benefit in 2017 while the hidden inferable benefit was US $6.7 billion of every 2016. The arrival on resources shows how the organization is moderately creating benefit in regard its absolute resources (Warren Jones, 2018). If there should arise an occurrence of Rio Tinto the arrival on resources stood moderately turbulent as in 2012 the proportion stood 17.56 while in 2015 it declined to 13.00. The proportion anyway improved to 20.25 in 2017. BHP revealed an arrival on resources of 13.69 in 2012 anyway in 2016 the advantage declined to - 5.19. In the resulting year of 2017 the benefit has improved decidedly to 5.18. The organization has broadened arrangement of sending innovation and applying capital control to separate most and better yield from its advantages. The RIO Tinto improve return on resources is basically a direct result of the organization US $50 billion resource with most worth imaginative projects to give come back from the benefits. End: On an indisputable note the examination can be finished up by expressing that Rio Tinto has generally revealed a solid money related execution in regard to BHP Billiton. The current proportion and snappy proportion remained steadfast for Rio Tinto and the net revenue mirrors that the organization has better capacity to created deals income from its advantages utilized. Reference List: Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., Flanagan, J. (2015).Principles of administrative fund. Pearson Higher Education AU. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in money related bookkeeping. Pearson Higher Education AU. Narayanaswamy, R. (2017).Financial bookkeeping: an administrative point of view. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2017).Contemporary ecological bookkeeping: issues, ideas and practice. Routledge. Scott, W. R. (2015).Financial bookkeeping theory(Vol. 2, No. 0, p. 0). Prentice Hall. Warren, C. S., Jones, J. (2018).Corporate monetary bookkeeping. Cengage Learning. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., Kieso, D. E. (2015).Financial administrative bookkeeping. John Wiley Sons. Williams, J. (2014).Financial bookkeeping. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Warning Eat at Your Own Risk free essay sample

Kryptonite is to Superman as crusty fruit-filled treat is to Aja. I despise those completely cut apples and that idiotic custom made pie hull. I scorn that mouth watering smell originating from the kitchen as my tissue turns pale. â€Å"Aja, I made crusty fruit-filled treat particularly for you!† The creepy satisfaction in her voice causes my stomach to recoil. She grins as I approach the table, my eyes augment with fierceness and fervor. One plate. One fork. One bit of crusty fruit-filled treat. She leaves the kitchen to sit in front of the TV. I’m isolated. Glaring through its delicate, entirely toasted hull, it smiles as though to state â€Å"I win again.† Palms sweat-soaked, knees shaking, I can’t surrender, I remind myself. Sitting in the seat before the pie, I breathe in. The sweet smell waits in my nose, prodding my faculties. Those apples are unadulterated wickedness. My hands structure into clench hands of fierceness. My quality is blurring. We will compose a custom paper test on Cautioning: Eat at Your Own Risk or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â€Å"Stop it!† I shout inside my head. The horrifying torment delays. Voices reverberation among my musings: â€Å"Give up before it’s too late.† â€Å"You will never win.† â€Å"You can’t resist!† I sweat as I consider the potential outcomes. Alternative one: I flee. Choice two: I obliterate the pie. Choice three: I eat! Influence produces results and my musings gradually change. â€Å"I despise apple pie.† â€Å"I loathe apple pie.† â€Å"I like apple pie.† â€Å"I love apple pie!† Uh-goodness! Quicker than a speeding projectile my correct hand holds onto the fork and stuffs my mouth with my heart’s genuine want. Still warm and clammy, I am in no state of mind for little pieces. I start to eat bigger parts until it was no more. One plate. One fork. No pie. The pie was correct. It won once more. I will consistently lose as long as kryptonite is to superman, than crusty fruit-filled treat is to Aja.

Discuss The Role of Curley’s Wife In The Novel Of Mice And Men Essay

In this novel, Curley’s Wife’s primary capacity or design is her portrayal of one sort of female in that season of American history. She is by all accounts the kind of individual who is all around determined in her activities. She gets a kick out of the chance to make herself appealing by utilizing make-up, when she wears shoes with red â€Å"Ostrich Feathers† she doesn’t need to wear them on a residue farm, however she does. She fantasies about being a film or â€Å"Talkie† star, she reveals to Lennie this, in an uncommon demonstration of certainty. She isn't a generalization however I believe that her character is very unsurprising. In the video adjustment she is by all accounts neighborly due to her appearance and the manner by which she says words. At the point when she doesn’t need to be seen, her physical nearness is less taken note. She is portrayed as â€Å"brittle† this could imply that she is delicate. The word delicate is typically connected with little and effortlessly broken things. The word â€Å"brittle† could likewise be depicting her physical perspective. She could appear to be solid yet truly could fall or separate when even somewhat contacted, or for her situation, in the event that she is dismissed or offended. In any case, when she talks she has a predominant appeal, which requests consideration. For instance, at whatever point she strolls into a room, the men consistently quit conversing with tune in to what she needs to state. This could be from dread of discipline on the off chance that they don't concur with her or outrage her. It could likewise be a direct result of the notoriety for being â€Å"Jailbait† which she has, or how she has â€Å"the eye†. Due to these two capacities, she can sneak around, attempting to catch anything implicating which she could use to extort somebody. A case of this is the point at which she sneaks into the steady when Lennie, Candy and Crooks are there, and she tunes in to them. All through the entire novel she doesn't have name of her own, which she is called by. She is just alluded to as Curley’s Wife. This could propose that she is the property of Curley. Or on the other hand it could likewise back up the way that she resembles a phantom, in light of the fact that an apparition has no genuine personality. She could act mean, or naughtily on the grounds that she needs to make herself saw more. She tells Lennie â€Å"I get horrendous lonely†. This proposes she needs somebody to converse with her, or whom she can converse with. She is just depicted by individuals, with sentences like â€Å"She got the eye† and â€Å"a Tart†. In the wake of perusing the piece of the novel when she is in the horse shelter with Lennie, the peruser is acted out to feel for Curley’s Wife. This could cause the peruser to feel sorry for her, yet then there would be a contention of feelings when you understand that She has destroyed Candy’s dreams just as passed a capital punishment on Lennie. The entirety of this could eclipse the way that Curley’s Wife has simply kicked the bucket. Be that as it may, when you her admission to Lennie, you find this is her lone plan of action as she continued looking for consideration. She attempts to make herself look appealing to get more consideration, yet she is known as a â€Å"Tart†. The way that she resembles a misfortune sign could uphold her picture as â€Å"Jail-bait†. She resembles a curse for any individual who she attempts to turn out to be near. She says that she could get hoodlums hung and she caused Curley and thin to battle. She likewise in a roundabout way caused Lennie’s demise. Not purposefully, however she does. This could be a method of causing the peruser to feel for her case, since Candy resents her for passing on, and he doesn’t bring to imagine that she is to an abrupt halt. Curley’s Wife is the main lady who is referenced on the farm, so the men could think about her as lovely or engaging on the grounds that they don't come into contact with some other ladies. This could support or fortify her disposition. She believed that she could be a famous actor could even now feel that. This could be another factor that supports her self-predominance complex. Be that as it may, she realizes that. Since, she has no name she could be claimed by Curley, this could clarify her activities. It could be her method of communicating her indignation. She is irate in light of the fact that, when she marked her marriage declaration, She didn’t lose her independence, yet something more regrettable, her personality.

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization Balkanization is a term used to depict the division or fracture of a state or district into littler, frequently ethnically comparable spots. The term can likewise allude to the crumbling or separation of different things, for example, organizations, Internet sites or even neighborhoods. For the motivations behind this article and from a geographic point of view, balkanization will depict the fracture of states as well as locales. In certain zones that have encountered balkanization the term depicts the breakdown of multiethnic states into places that are currently ethnically comparable autocracies and have experienced numerous genuine political and social issues, for example, ethnic purging and common war. Therefore, balkanization, particularly with respect to states and districts, is commonly not a positive term as there is regularly much political, social and social conflict that happens when balkanization happens. Advancement of the Term Balkanization Balkanization initially alluded to Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and its notable separation after control by the Ottoman Empire. The term balkanization itself was instituted toward the finish of World War I following this separation just as that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire. Since the mid 1900s, Europe, just as different places the world over, have seen both effective and ineffective endeavors at balkanization and there are still a few endeavors and conversations of balkanization in certain nations today. Endeavors at Balkanization During the 1950s and 1960s, balkanization started happening outside of the Balkans and Europe when a few British and French frontier realms started dividing and separating in Africa. Balkanization was at its stature in the mid 1990s anyway when the Soviet Union fallen and the previous Yugoslavia broke down. With the breakdown of the Soviet Union, the nations of Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were made. In the making of a portion of these nations, there was frequently extraordinary viciousness and antagonistic vibe. For instance, Armenia and Azerbaijan experience intermittent war over their outskirts and ethnic enclaves. Notwithstanding viciousness in a few, these recently made nations have encountered troublesome times of change in their administrations, economies, and social orders. Yugoslavia was made out of a mix of more than 20 distinctive ethnic gatherings toward the finish of World War I. Because of contrasts between these gatherings, there were rubbing and brutality in the nation. Following World War II, Yugoslavia started to acquire strength however by 1980 the various groups inside the nation started battling for more autonomy. In the mid 1990s, Yugoslavia at long last broke down after around 250,000 individuals were murdered by war. The nations in the end made out of the previous Yugoslavia were Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kosovo didn't proclaim its autonomy until 2008 and it is as yet not perceived as completely autonomous by the whole world. The breakdown of the Soviet Union and the deterioration of the previous Yugoslavia are probably the best yet in addition the most rough endeavors at balkanization that have occurred. There have additionally been endeavors to balkanize in Kashmir, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Kurdistan, and Iraq. In every one of these regions, there are social or potentially ethnic contrasts that have made various groups need to split away from the principle nation. In Kashmir, Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir are attempting to split away from India, while in Sri Lanka the Tamil Tigers (a nonconformist association for the Tamil individuals) need to split away from that nation. Individuals in the southeastern piece of Nigeria announced themselves to be the province of Biafra and in Iraq, Sunni and Shiite Muslims battle to split away from Iraq. Furthermore, Kurdish individuals in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran have battled to make the State of Kurdistan. Kurdistan is at present not an autonomous state but rather it is somewhat an area with a for the most part Kurdish populace. Balkanization of America and Europe Lately there has been discussion of the balkanized conditions of America and of balkanization in Europe. In these cases, the term isn't utilized to portray the brutal fracture that happened in places like the previous Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. In these examples, it portrays potential divisions based political, financial and social contrasts. Some political reporters in the United States, for instance, guarantee that balkanized or divided in light of the fact that it is extraordinary interests with races in explicit territories than with overseeing the whole nation (West, 2012). In light of these distinctions, there have likewise been a few conversations and dissident developments at the national and nearby levels. In Europe, there are extremely enormous nations with various standards and suppositions and subsequently, it has confronted balkanization. For instance, there have been nonconformist developments on the Iberian Peninsula and in Spain, especially in the Basque and Catalan districts (McLean, 2005). Regardless of whether in the Balkans or in different pieces of the world, vicious or not savage, plainly balkanization is a significant idea that has and will keep on forming the geology of the world.

The Feminist Mom free essay sample

I bit my lip. This is so unreasonable! For what reason did this wonderful individual, my mothers closest companion, need to bite the dust? A mother of ten, she had carried on with a stunning life. For as long as six years she had struggled bosom disease, a case of determination for all who had known her. Since our families were so close, I had perceived how this lady had given herself totally to her kids. I cried as I heard her childrens appreciative declarations for such a great, self-giving mother. As I watched this showcase of affection for a mother so like mine, I thought that I was so fortunate to have my mom fit as a fiddle. Considering my life, I understood that from multiple points of view my qualities are equivalent to hers. I have gotten a rich legacy which incorporates, most importantly, a profound love for family. Indeed, for my mother, the test of raising a major family has really empowered her to succeed. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Feminist Mom or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page By her model, my mother has instructed me to make every moment count, paying little heed to its benevolence. Being the second most seasoned of eleven, I can recall the fervor of my moms last three pregnancies. The previous fall, I had a staggeringly bustling timetable. As the commander of the soccer group, photograph editorial manager of the yearbook, and class president, I strikingly sought after my adoration for dramatization and took part in two plays. I didn't understand how brief period I had for my family until creation seven day stretch of the subsequent show. The evening of dress practice, I got back home around eleven, dead worn out, however resolved to complete my schoolwork. As I turned on the kitchen lights I saw an envelope roosted on the table routed to me from my mom. I felt a tinge of frustration recalling that she was away and would miss my presentation. It was a Break A Leg card. The start of the letter was just newsy, and I was unable to help asking why she was composing. Close to the end, I went to the line God is again entrusting a spirit to us I rehash the first senten ce. Our family will be very occupied in the spring. My mom was three months pregnant! I couldnt trust it. Such delight sprung from my heart that I really wanted to cry! I appreciated this lady for barely caring about herself, who worked her hardest and afterward gave more. I couldnt contain my feelings and easily composed an eight-page letter to an old buddy and still had the vitality to complete my schoolwork. As I composed my companion, I abruptly thought with trouble how the remainder of society would respond to my moms pregnancy. The majority of my companions would not comprehend my bliss for another sibling or sister or my profound respect for the lady who might carry this youngster into the world. Different people groups reactions and the word overpopulation went through my mind. A few women's activists would proclaim my moms kids an obstruction to her profession. Being one of these snags, I understood my moms achievement was in reality in making her job as a mother a stunning vocation. The vast majority of society lives out Emersons notable statement from Self Reliance, For resistance the world whips you with its disappointment. In raising an enormous family, she is conflicting with what society presently names as ordinary. However my mom has developed solid in her inescapable whipping. Regardless of societys dismay, she is happy with her life in adoring and thinking about her family. Challenging a lot of women's activist hypothesis, she has really gotten her own person by not considering herself, yet of others. The liberality and difficult work my mom shows is something that I want to achieve in my own life during and after school. I have extraordinary dreams of turning into an architect like my granddad and illuminating the conundrums of the world, however no less incredible an accomplishment is become a conventional courageous woman like my mom.

Beer Withdrawal Symptoms From Mild to Severe

Beer Withdrawal Symptoms From Mild to Severe December 01, 2019 More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Can beer drinkers have withdrawal symptoms? There is a misconception among some drinkers that if they stick to beer it is somehow better for them than drinking the harder stuff. Of course, it is true that you can get more intoxicated faster by drinking whiskey, simply because you have less fluid to swallow. You can down a 1.5 ounce of liquor a lot faster than you can a 12-ounce beer. But when it comes down to it, there is just as much alcohol in a can of beer as there is in a standard mixed drink or a 5-ounce glass of wine.?? Each represents  a standard drink  when determining whether you are drinking at a safe level or at a high-risk level. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can occur when someone stops drinking alcohol.?? Those symptoms can range from mild, moderate or severe, but the severity of the symptoms has nothing to do with the type of alcohol the person stopped drinking. Beer drinkers who stop drinking cold turkey can experience the same level of alcohol withdrawal symptoms as those drinkers who consume liquor or wine. How Much Beer Is Too Much? The  recommended guidelines for beer consumption  are the same as they are for any other alcoholic beverages: 2 or fewer beers a day for men and less than 14 beers a week. For women, its 1 or fewer beers a day and no more than 7 beers a week.?? How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink Per Day? Any beer consumption above those levels is considered  high-risk drinking: it puts you at increased risk for developing alcohol use disorders and for developing negative health consequences.?? How much, how often, and how long you consumed alcohol play a role in  how severe the withdrawal symptoms might be. If you drank only one beer a day, your withdrawal symptoms (if you have symptoms at all) are going to be a lot less severe than if you drank a six-pack.If you drank only three times a week, chances are your withdrawal symptoms will be less severe than if you were a daily drinker.And, if you drank a case a week for 30 years, your withdrawal symptoms will probably be more severe than if you decided to quit after two years of that level of alcohol consumption. Other risk factors are more personal: your size, gender, genetics, and even race can have an impact on your reaction to alcohol consumption and withdrawal. Are Your Withdrawal Symptoms Mild, Moderate, or Severe? Do you have withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop drinking beer? Answering these 10 questions will give you an idea of your alcohol withdrawal symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. Severe symptoms, which usually occur about two days after withdrawal, can be life-threatening, so it is important to consult a doctor if you have concerns. The test is completely confidential and anonymous; your results are not recorded and are available only to you. You are not asked for any personally identifying information. This quiz is not intended as a substitute for a professional medical evaluation. It should only be used as a guide to determining if your alcohol withdrawal symptoms are such that you should seek medical attention before you attempt to quit drinking.? Common Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

Machiavellian Virtu - Literature Essay Samples

The concept of virtu is central to Machiavellian political theory in The Prince. The problematic nature of this term makes a concise definition difficult to formulate. Varying definitions often lead to different interpretations of Machiavelli. In order to understand the implications of Machiavellis writing it is important to explore this concept and how it shapes his political theory. This essay will be divided into two parts. The first will deal with the definition of virtu and an examination of all the ideas that are included in this term. Examples of historical and contemporary counterparts will be investigated and compared to the Machiavellian model. Next, the implications of this idea on Machiavellis political theory will be discussed in detail.Before beginning the examination of the term virtu it is first necessary to explain the context of this essay with regard to The Prince. Many scholars have suggested that The Prince was written with a less than obvious intent. At face val ue it appear to be no more than a manual for ruling, written in hope that Machiavelli might find employment with the Medici family. A different interpretation sees the text as a offer of bad advice, or at the very least ambiguous advice, written with the intention of bringing down the Medici family that had left Machiavelli banished from the city he loved and destitute. Both interpretations are accepted as possibilities, however for our uses we will be taking The Prince at face value and assume his advice is given in earnest. If it were the case that he was writing with less than truthful intent it would dramatically change the context of his virtu. The unscrupulous, deceitful and vicious activities required of proper statesmanship, according to Machiavelli, can be regarded as a scheme for a rulers downfall.The Prince deals with the various questions of policy as they pertain to new ruler, or one taking control of a new territory. From this context the idea of virtu emerges. Virtu i s a collection of characteristics that make a ruler great. The tides of fortune (fortuna) can wash away any ruler with ease. The ruler who possesses Machiavellis virtu, while not completely free from the possible negative effects of fortune, is in far better position to deal with whatever may arise.Virtu must not be confused with the modern concept of virtue. Machiavellian virtu differs greatly from the present moral model commonly associated with virtuosity. Similarly most historical interpretations of virtue do not agree with Machiavelli.Christian virtue, once described by Nietche as slave morality has very little in common with Machiavellian virtu . The Christian version includes characteristics such as meekness, humility, charity, piety, and forgiveness. None of these ideas are present in Machiavellis princely virtue (virtu). While not an outright atheist, Machiavelli was far from a religious man and held a certain distain for the Catholic Church. He never voices these views an d pays respect to the power of religion in his writings, since it would be the equivalent of political suicide to do otherwise, but a secular air does surround his writings.The Platonic model of virtue is similarly out of sync with Machiavellis virtu. The emphasis on truth and justice that characterizes Platonic virtue is nowhere to be found in Machiavellis conception . Similarly, Roman virtue, which places the highest importance on honesty and honor, is a poor equivalent to virtu .From this one could make the argument that Machiavelli is amoral, or without a moral code. This is not the case. A moral code is defined as a set of standards, by reference to which conduct can be praised or criticized . Machiavelli is very vocal in his praise and condemnation of various courses of action.We have examined what virtu is not, now we will move on to clarifying what this term does mean. If Christian, Platonic and Roman conceptions of virtue do not equate to Machiavellis princely virtue, what then can we use to help clarify this troubling concept?The answer lies in the heroic ideas of virtue present in writings of Homer. The Homeric version of virtue found in Illiad and Odyssey is far more in tune with virtu. Emphasis is placed not on truth, justice, and similar concepts. Instead the hero is required to be an ingenious survivor, sacrificing all with self-preservation as the only goal. Where other models of virtue fail to measure up to Machiavellis, the Homeric characteristics of virtue are more closely related.The linguistic grounding of the term virtu is not without relevance. Virtu is derived from, but not exactly related to the Italian word virtus. Formed from the root vir, which means man, or more precisely free male citizens, virtus refers to the characteristics displayed in the free male citizen class when fulfilling roles and obligations . In this sense only the vir aspect is truly applicable.Contemporaries of Machiavelli have also utilized the term virtu. DVinci used this term with a strictly scientific definition. He used it to designate, in a physical sense, motive power . Another connotation of the term, and most widely used is found within the medical community of the Italian Renaissance . This form of the word describes the vitality giving force upon which the life and strength of all organisms rely. Some authors have suggested an echo of this medicinal grounding in Machiavellis use of the term. A letter written some years later refers to a king who has recently recovered from illness as having his virtu once again become strong. Despite any evidence and similarities very little importance has been attached to this theory.The use of this term in The Prince is widespread and includes numerous connotations. No one word can properly express the idea, and the long list of variations makes applying the term difficult. The result is an array of different possible interpretations in each instance of its use.Some Ideas within the term virtu a re desirable in a modern sense. Intellect is a key aspect of the concept. A ruler should be knowledgeable and utilize this knowledge in the affairs of his state. A keen intellect will aid a ruler in search of greatness while ignorance will allow for misfortune and poor decisions. History should be studied rigorously and the actions of great men mimicked. A smart ruler has advantages in all respects of political life. Confidence also plays a role in the formulation of virtu:I do think, however, that it is better to be headstrong than cautious, for fortune is a lady. It is necessary, if you want to master her, to beat and strike her. And one sees she more often submits to those who act boldly than those who proceed in a calculating fashion.A proper ruler will be sure of himself and command the respect of those below him. Machiavelli gives the example of Maximilian who often undoes his decrees after they meet criticism. The result is no one knows what his intentions are, and his decisi ons are unreliable. Talent, intelligence and confidence are all required by Machiavelli if a ruler is to possess virtu.Machiavelli also demands that his ruler of virtu be pragmatic. He must be prepared for every circumstance and able to apply his knowledge to whatever endeavors he embarks upon. He must be attentive to those around him and weigh their opinions wisely taking into account all that may be gained and lost for each party involved. Attention should always be paid to activities abroad as they may affect the state or convey useful information. The ruler must be alert and perceptive as people may plot against in a bid for power. Decisiveness play a role as well. Uncertainty is unacceptable for a ruler and shows weakness. This pragmatism will serve the ruler well in times of crises and help to ensure his reign is long.This brings us to the negative moral aspects of Machiavellis virtu. These beliefs led to his fall from popularity as they portrayed him as a tyrant with little h eed for so-called moral imperatives. While Machiavelli believes that whenever possible the upstanding road should be taken, there are situations that may require that a leader set aside traditional morality in favor of cunning and trickery.The example of Agathocles, who made bold and deceitful moves to gain sole possession of power, such as the slaughter of Syracuses senators and richest citizens, gains praise from Machiavelli:He was the son of a potter, and from start to finish lived a wicked life; nevertheless his wicked behavior testified to so much strength (virtu) of mind and bodythere seems to be no reason why he should be judged less admirable than any of the finest generals.Although Agathocles receives praise from Machiavelli, the evilness of his character does garner much deserved attention:his inhuman cruelty and brutality, and his innumerable wicked actions, mean it would be wrong to praise him as one of the finest men.He distinction between being a good general and being a good man is clear. Positions of power sometimes require of men actions, which under other circumstance would not gain you praise.Circumstance seems to be the main determinant of whether wicked actions are to be employed or not. A ruler must be able to act against his good nature if it is required of him:For anyone who wants to act the part of the good man in all circumstances will bring about his own ruin, for those he has to deal with will not all be good. So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to hold onto power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge.Machiavelli is all too aware that sometimes wickedness will profit a ruler far more than acts that are supposedly virtuous:Above all do not be upset if you are supposed to have those vices a ruler needs if he is going to stay securely in power, for, if you think about it you will realize there are some ways of behaving that are supposedly virtuous, but would lead to your downfall, and others that are supposed to be wicked, but will lead to your welfare and peace of mind.Integrity and truth have always been praised as characteristics of great men. However, careful observation has taught Machiavelli that in affairs of power and statecraft the honest man is not necessarily the one to mimic:Everybody recognizes how praiseworthy it is for a ruler to keep his word and live a life of integrity, without relying on craftiness. Nevertheless, we see that in practice, in these days, those rulers have thought it not important to keep their word have achieved great things, and have known how to employ cunning to confuse and disorientate other men. In the end they have been able to overcome those who have placed great store in integrity.Virtu has little to do with justice and more to do with opportunism. Traits that are virtuous for the everyday citizen do not apply to princely virtu. A Ruler, due to his position in a society, is subject different standar ds.It is due to Machiavellis distain for the masses that he acknowledges the ruler must be above common morality:They are ungrateful, fickle, deceptive and deceiving, avoider of danger, eager to gain. They promise you their blood, their possessions, their lives, and their children, as I have said before, so long as you seem to have no need of them. But as soon as you need help, they turn against you.If people were not so wicked and undesirable things would be different. However the nature of man, as Machiavelli sees it does not allow for traditional virtue:So you see a wise ruler cannot, and should not, keep his word when doing so is to his disadvantage, and when the reasons that led him to promise to do so no longer apply. Of course, if all men were good, this advice would be bad: but since men are wicked and will not keep faith with you, you need not keep faith with them.It is now clear how the concept of princely virtue differs with traditional notions of virtue. How then does th is conception of virtu affect Machiavellis political theory? The answer is that virtu shapes almost all aspects of Machiavellis formulations and dominates the text of The Prince. From the preeminence of military power and strategy in a rulers life to theories of which type of ruler is the most suited to overcoming the force of fortune, virtu takes front seat in almost all of Machiavellis discussions.Perhaps the most important aspect of virtu and its relation to political power, according to The Prince, is military superiority. In fact, Machiavelli suggests this be the sole area of concern for a ruler:A ruler, then, should have no other concern, no other thought, should pay attention to nothing aside from war, military institutions, and the training of his soldiersIt is of such importance that military prowess not only keeps those who have been born rulers in power, but also often enables men who have been born private citizens to come to power.While this may be a slight overstatemen t, this section is written to impress upon the reader the importance of military strength. Machiavelli does address non-military issues in his text, but none are given the high regard that issues of war receive.Another issue discussed in The Prince is the nature of rule and the role virtu plays in bringing one to power. Rulers may come to power in different ways some, such as ecclesiastical rulers, are chosen amongst a group of like minded men. These rulers face little challenges as their assumed relationship with God prevents ill from coming to them. Similarly. Rulers who are in power based upon Birthright dont face many challenges, as they are often seen as figureheads, and expectations for them are usually low. The Citizen ruler, however, who gains power through good fortune or of his own virtu, faces the most challenges. In these circumstances the ruler must rely on his virtu to remain in power. Those who were cast into the role of ruler based on the good graces of fortune, with out continued luck, will quickly fall from power.It is the ruler who has struggled his way to power, overcoming obstacles and gaining experience, that possess virtu. He is the most skillful ruler yet must contend with the fiercest opposition. He must rely on his wits and strength to both woo, andcontrol the masses, crushing any opposition where he sees fit. While wickedness may be appropriate and acceptable in order to achieve goals and where it is necessary, extended use of cruel means will create a hateful populace who resents your rule. He must manipulate or, if completely necessary, liquidate the elite in order to ensure his position is safe. A strong military is the most important thing to consider, composed of native troops due to the unreliability of mercenaries and auxiliaries. He must be self-sufficient relying on himself alone, save a few well-paid and trustworthy advisors. The ruler who has gain his position through virtu alone faces the most challenges, but is the most capable to handle them.Machiavellis position on boastful generosity is negative. As he sees it, it will only drain resources, and while a reputation may aid new rulers, those settled should ignore any discomfort from being regarded as a miser. Generosity can be misplaced and often enriches your enemies while harming your wealth. It is preferable to have your population to fear you rather than love you, if both arent possible:as far as being feared and loved is concerned, since men decide for themselves whom they love, and rulers decide whom they fear, a wise ruler should rely on the emotion he can control, not on the one he cannot. But he must take care not to be hatedMachiavelli also advises to garner a reputation. He notes that rulers who undertake great tasks command the respect of their public and military. Public loyalty, however, is always subordinate to military loyalty. The military ensures security, and although the public is powerful and should not be abuse, it is of the u tmost importance that the military remains under control. The leader who possess virtu is regarded with fear and awe by his public and respected by his military. Rulers who avoid war and are unwilling to enter into disputes are soon disposed of by other bolder leaders. A ruler should admire talent and skill and honor those who excel in all fields. At appropriate times he should lift the spirits of his people with festivals to gain admiration. While he is not required to be honest at all times, he must demand it of his advisors and avoid flattery.It is clear that the concept of virtu plays a fundamental role in shaping Machiavellian political theory. Primarily concern with the politics of power and warfare, The Prince expresses in detail how important virtu is to a ruler. Strength, cunning, confidence, intelligence, and pragmatism are central to virtu and the primary source of Machiavellis. While many societies have had models of virtue few can be equated with Machiavellian virtu. So metimes viewed as a manual for tyranny, The Prince is a survival guide for the 16 century Italian ruler.Bibliographical InformationBall, T. The Picaresque Prince Political Theory 12:4 1984 pg 521-536Gilbert, F. On Machiavellis Idea of Virtu Renaissance News 4:4 1957 pg 53-56Machiavelli, N. The Prince Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis: 1995

Video Games And Aggressive Behavior - 1931 Words

A boy is sitting in front of his TV lost into screen playing Grand Theft Auto 5 with a controller in his hand. There’s a yell, â€Å"Chris! Come down for dinner.† The boy hears the voice but refrains from responding. The voice, his mother, calls for him multiple time, finally in anger the boy storms downstairs only to yell at his mother and rushes back to his room to get back to his game. Have you ever wondered how violent video games impact children? Or why kids love to play them? The link between violent video games and aggressive behavior is a topic that has received a lot of attention in the recent years. As technology is gradually progressing, video games are starting to become very lifelike and they consist of many complex qualities. However, with the high levels of realism, the influences of video games on society have begun to increase sufficiently. The creation of violent video games, or rated M games, have sparked constant disputes regarding whether or not t hese games promote violent behavior in their consumers. Each year, more varieties of violent games are being introduced, and most of us have this question in mind. Do violent video games influence young people to act aggressively or is it just a myth? Violent video games contribute a negative effect on society because of the intense violence and graphics shown that influence the younger generation. I believe that the correlations that have been found between video games and violence may be explained by violentShow MoreRelatedAggressive Behavior And Video Games860 Words   |  4 PagesAggressive Behavior and Video Games â€Å"Video games are not inherently good or bad, just as any other tool is not inherently good or bad† (Gentile, D., n.d.), but continuous exposure to video games may generate behavioral changes among individuals. 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The Fifth Largest Financial Group In Malaysia Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 24 Words: 7212 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The advancement of technology may influence the profitability and the competitive advantage of RHB. RHB introduce RHB Now which is an e-banking system for their customer is because most of their customers have internet access either at home or outside.  [9]  RHB Now allows their customers to access their banking account through the internet to perform banking activities such as checking balances, transfer funds and bill payment.  [10]  The aim for the RHB Now is to make it convenient for their customers as they may not be free to visit the bank physically due to their daily works. They can perform their banking activities via internet instead of visit the bank branches physically. Other than that, the technology advancement surrounding the business environment allows RHB to take on an opportunity to introduce RHB Now Mobile Banking app. Nowadays smart phones are widely used by the public as it is convenient and easy to be carried. Hence, this mobile app lication enables them to access their bank account rather than using personal computer. It is a miniature of RHB Now and it provides all the features on the RHB Now, except for the application on Initial Public Offerings and share trading. Customers may enjoy this service by downloading the RHB Now Mobile Banking app and login by using their RHB Internet Banking Username and password. Customers can also obtain the updates of the RHB privileges and discounts that are offered to them and keep updated with happenings at RHB by using this mobile application.  [11]  The application is to add value to the demanding lives of their customers to provide them a convenient method to access their bank account.  [12]  However, the interruption of the internet connection causes disappointment towards the RHB Now users as they may have difficulties in completing their banking activities through the system. The customers experience slow browsing speed while accessing RHB Now due to the cabl e problem of the internet service provider. The internet services providers in Malaysia include TM Net, Unifi, Celcom, Digi, Maxis and so on.  [13]  The internet service provided by the service provider is not always stable as they have limited cable with limited bandwidth.  [14]  The poor internet service which causes the disruption of RHB Now reduces customers satisfaction and they might refuse to use it again. Besides that, the advancement in technology also has negative impact on RHB as they may face fraudulent risk. This is because the technology that is being enhanced in todays world increases the risk of bank transactions over the internet as the outsider might hack into the companys system and increases the rate of fraudulent crime.  [15]  These fraudulent criminals attempt to steal the information of the customers through Trojan attack and man-in-the-middle attack. The hacker will install a virus known as Trojan in customers computers when they visit certain web sites or download programs. The hacker uses Trojan as an agent to hack into the computer of customers to steal their bank account information and make fraudulent transactions. Besides that, the hacker may use man-in-the-middle attack to steal the information of the customers. The hacker may create a fake website to trick the customers and the information keyed will be captured by them.  [16]  The privacy and security of customers will be threatened as their information will be transferred via the internet. The bargaining powers of supplier of RHB bank are relatively low. The main suppliers of banks are depositors, creditors and central bank (Bank Negara Malaysia). Depositors are those people who have excess of money on hand and prefer to get a regular income with these moneys safely. In banking industry suppliers have low bargaining power. The natures of the suppliers are generally those people who have preference to have a low risk investment and have a regular income with inte rest. The depositors want their money to be safe. Bank provides the best play for them to deposits their surplus money. RHB bank provide fixed interest rate on fixed deposits and depositors can claim their money regularly compared to investing their surplus money on other places such as investing in shares and gold which has higher risk. (#reference 1)So that, banks provide the best place for them to deposits their surplus money. Depositors believe that RHB provide the safest place than other investment alternatives. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers will be lower. In Malaysias banking industry, all banks are controlled by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Bank Negara Malaysia set the rules and regulations for every bank operated in Malaysia. These include the interest rate, exchange rate, financing guidelines and reporting standards. RHB bank does not have choice to choose for their best interest rate as it is controlled by Bank Negara Malaysia and it should be the same proposed fo r all others banks in Malaysia. The latest minimum rates for the fixed deposits on RHB Bank which between one month to twelve months for the balances of RM 1 million or below will be 3% for 1 month deposit and 3.70% for 12 months deposit. The fixed deposit rates are sets to ensure that depositors will get positive real rate of return. (#reference 2). The benchmark interest rate in Malaysia was last reported at 3.00 percent. For instance, RHB bank cannot control the interest rate of lending and borrowing. So that, the bargaining power of suppliers are low.The threat of new entrant have poses a threat to RHB bank and these will directly affects the operations and profitability of RHB bank. There are not only the incumbent rivals that will pose a threat to RHB bank in this industry. There are possible that the new entrants may enter to banking industry and thus can affects or increase the competitions in banking industry. By merger and acquisition of the existing banks, there will b e an immediate effect on RHB Bank. In long term view, by increasing the size and financial strength of the merge of existing banks and may alter the market situation slightly. Recently, BNM announce that foreign banks are allowed to own bigger stakes in Malaysia. Besides, they also grant more licenses and ease short- selling rules as it seeks to have triple sizes of the finance sector. (From Bloomberg news Dec 22) As a result, this may increase the competition in local market. This may also encourage foreign banks to merge with local banks to expand the size of finance sector. The gradual removal of barriers for overseas investors will result in a level playing field and make the local financial market more competitive, Abdul Jalil Abdul Rasheed (from Bloomberg news Dec 22) However in the recently news, RHB Capital Bhd have signed a conditional share purchase agreement with OSK Holdings Bhd that RHB Capital will acquire 100% of the OSK Investment Bank Bhd shares from OSK Holdings in exchange of RM 245 million new RHB Capital shares and cash of RM 147.5 million. By the combination of RHB Capital and OSK investment bank Bhd will transform RHB Investment bank bhd into Malaysias largest investment bank. On the other hand, a new entrant to banking industry doesnt pose much effect on RHB Bank. It is because that is not easy to start up a bank. By starting up a bank in Malaysia, it requires a huge amount of capital. Besides, a new entrant does not have straight effects on RHB bank. It is because RHB banking Group is currently the fifth largest fully integrated financial service group in Malaysia. If there is a new entrant, the new entrant is hard to achieve the cost leadership in banking industry. It is because the economies of scale of RHB Bank are the leadership in banking industry. Furthermore, there are a also a threat of new entrant from other services industry. Internet bill payment is services that can be easily capitalize by entrepreneurs. It is a good source s of generate revenue which are in terms of fee-based revenue. This is a threat poses to RHB Bank because entrepreneurs may squeezed out of the payment business from banks. However, with the new strategies of RHB Bank by using pay pal and easy banking it may have competitive advantage over the others financial banking institutes. Another threat that will poses to RHB Banks is companies that offering other financial services. If an insurance company start offering mortgage and loan services, it would be the new threat to banking industry. Besides that, not everyone can and exit the banking industry easily, it is because to start a new bank must fulfill the requirement from Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). The government restrictions and legislation are set by BNM. BNM provides the rules and regulations for every new entrants of bank by using Banking and Financial Institutions Act 1989 (BAFIA). (# reference 3). Thus, the bargaining powers of supplier are low. The bargaining power of customers in Malaysia banking industry is extremely high as there large number of alternatives for the customers to choose. Apart from RHB Bank, there are so many banks and non-financial institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, there are a lot of choices for the customers to deposit their money or conduct their financial services. Those alternatives include CIMA Bank, Citi Bank, HSBC Bank, Hong Leong Bank and Public Bank. Moreover, there are still a lot of non-financial institutions such as EPF, insurance companies and unit trust companies.  [17]  Those non-financial institutions normally provide same services as financial institution such as RHB Bank. As a result, customers will have high bargaining power because they can choose from these alternatives. Another factor that will affect bargaining power of customers is the switching cost of choosing other bank alternatives in opening a banking account. This switching cost is low because people can just go to any bank of their prefere nce to do so with simple and swift procedures which does not cost much. It even cost nothing at all when one decided to deposit their money in any bank account whenever and wherever he or she wants. Compared to other major banks like Public Bank Berhad and Maybank, RHB Bank do not have the most branches widespread nationwide, which may provide relatively less convenient service to people, eventually decreases the switching cost for customers to go for the competitor banks. In additions, RHB bank also has less ATM machines compared to other banks.  [18]  Thus, the customers will prefer to have a bank which is convenient or nearby for them to do their banking service. Besides that, one of the major factors that causes high bargaining power of customers is they have full information with the current advanced information technology. The customers can likely know the feedback from other customers regarding the services offer by banks via internet. From the feedback, they can know exactly whether the bank service is good or bad. The bad feedback on the website will have a strong impact for other customers which will make them have a bad impression on that particular bank. For instance, there have a customer who complaint about the bank services provided by RHB bank. He was fed up and decided to cancel the RHB credit card and ask for refund on his credit balance.  [19]  This shown that the services offered are very important to a bank as the bank must have a good reputation in order to gain a good customers feedback on the website. There are large number of banks exist in Malaysia. The examples of bank that operates in Malaysia are CIMB bank, Citibank, HSBC bank, Hong Leong Bank, Public bank and Maybank.  [20]  All these banks compete with one another throughout Malaysia by providing similar services. RHB faces high competition as all these banks provide similar services and they even have more branches throughout Malaysia compared to RHB bank. RHB los es the competitive advantages in terms of the number of branch outlet in Malaysia. Besides that, most of the banks provide homogeneous product and services.  [21]  RHB retail banking offers services like mortgage, hire purchase financing, study loans, lease financing, personal loans, credit cards, remittance service, deposit collection, general insurance and investment products.  [22]  All these products and services are similar with the product and services offered by other banks. Furthermore, all the banks are offering the same interest rate as they have to comply with Bank Negara. All the banks in Malaysia are not allowed to set their own interest rate as Bank Negara controls the interest rate to ensure that the depositor gets back the returns they entitled to.  [23]  Therefore, all the banks are competing with the similar product leaving RHB having no competitive advantages in terms of product and services. However, RHB have this special service by the name of Easy R HB which introduce a new concept in the banking delivering with cutting edge technology. It provides paperless account opening, Insurance Kasih PA (Personal Accident), application for debit card, instant approval and disbursement of loan.  [24]  The services provided by Easy RHB only required ten minutes to complete the application of the required service and it is available all over Malaysia. The feature of instant approval of loan enables customer to obtain instant flexible personal financing amounts from RM 2,000 to RM 50,000.  [25]  It is very easy and convenient for anyone who requires the fund urgently. This service enable RHB to compete among the other existing banks as other banks does not have this special service. This service brings competitive advantage to RHB as there are many customers in Malaysia who demanded for this kind of services. Lastly, banking industry has high exit barriers. It is not easy to exit the banking industry as it requires many procedures to do so. The high exit barriers in the industry are making the competition between RHB bank and other competitor even higher. This is because all the banks have to compete to survive in the market as they know they cannot exit the industry easily. Therefore, every bank will do their best to maximize the shareholder wealth while maintaining the survival of the company. RHB Bank provides banking products with a range of variety to customers i.e. corporate and investment banking, retail banking, business banking, group treasury Islamic banking business, and global financial banking. These products aim to attract customers to place their money in the bank so that more cash flows can be produced in order to increase the profitability of the company. In the banking industry, for the most parts substitute products do not pose real threats to us. Despite a personal loan is deemed to be a substitute of a mortgage, yet in reality both are actually loans taken by customers in need of money. The same applies to the other bank products and financial institutions. Mortgage companies served as a substitute of banks but the product offered is similar with the one offered by an alternative vendor. In any case, there is a high probability that a mortgage company is owned by a bank holding company. For example, RHB Bank offers My1 Home Loan mortgage services. On the other hand, different banks serve almost the same function of bank transfers. Even the Internet banking services are actually bank transfers as a huge evolution of products from paper to electronic is being continued for years to come. Such circumstance intensifies the competition of innovation but the final services of moving money from one and another accounts remained unchanged. However, in terms of branding, RHB Bank is facing stiff competition with other main anchor banks and foreign banks in the industry. Malayan Banking Berhad, also known as Maybank in short, is the market leader of the industry. It is the larg est financial services group in Malaysia with wide range of financial products and services offered including investment banking, commercial banking, offshore banking, Islamic banking, Internet banking, leasing and hire purchase, factoring, insurance, trustee services, stock broking, asset management, nominee services, venture capital and discount-house business. At the same time, Maybank also owns the largest service network in Malaysia and also branches in key international financial centers. In Malaysia alone, Maybank has more than 480 branches comprising business centers, trade finance centers and insurance offices. Meanwhile in overseas, Maybank has branches in several countries i.e. Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong, China and United Kingdom etc.Compared with the market capitalisation of Maybank in the market, RHB Bank with only 174 group branches nationwide is certainly facing disadvantage. More branches of a bank ensure enhanced conveniences for c ustomers to carry out banking and finance activities. Meanwhile, it also boosts the brand name of the bank. In this sense, Maybank already made themselves highly popular among the people in Malaysia.In terms of investing, potential customers have different ways to place or invest their money according to their personal preferences and risk appetites. Customers who have excess funds may invest their cash in bonds. For example, bonds are fixed income securities issued to lenders of long-term loans, with a maturity date. They yield returns in the form of fixed periodic payments which are more secured compared to banking accounts. In Malaysia, one of the most popular bond products is the Exchange Traded Bonds and Sukuk (ETBS).Besides, people might also invest in unit trusts. Unit trust is a professionally managed investment fund, which collects resources from investors with similar investing objectives. The large sum of capital is then invested by fund managers into the stock market, bo nds, money market, property or others according with the investment objectives. When dealing with the investment choices, it might down to the buyer propensity to substitute which differentiate the products. Each bond in the market has its different price respectively and most of them are in a high price, which means it requires a switching cost if people tend to change their decision from putting money in bank accounts to invest in bonds. For ETBS, the principal price is stated at RM 100.00 per unit and comes in a minimum board lot size of 10 units per lost size, thus each lot costs RM 1,000.00 (excluding transaction cost).  [26]  Whilst for unit trusts, there is a minimum initial investment amount for each fund, which stated in each of the prospectus, respectively. Normally, the amount of RM 1,000.00 is required as the minimum initial investment. It incurs a high switching cost between bank savings and unit trust investing.  [27]  Compared to both of the investment methods above, the initial capital required to open a banking account in RHB Bank is just as low as RM 100.00. The switching cost is certainly high for consumers to take as there is a huge price difference between the methods, which means that customers who opt to go for investing in either bond or unit trust rather than depositing their money in bank, have to incur an extra RM 900.00 as their initial investment outlay.  [28]  RHB Capitals business is diversified and they have 7 major segments. These segments include corporate and investment banking, retail banking, business banking, group treasury, Islamic banking business, global financial banking and supporting centre and others.  [29]  Since the company has many segments, we will use the Pareto 80/20 rule to determine the 80% revenue generated from the total segments that the company have. Pareto analysis is plotted into a graph to show which segments able to provide 80% of the total revenues from all segments. From the Pareto analysis, we can conclude that the segments which are able to generate almost 80% of the revenues from all the companys segments are corporate and investment banking, retail banking and business banking. We will be evaluating the attractiveness of the business portfolio that RHB is holding based on the 3 segments which made up to approximately 80%. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is adopted to evaluate the attractiveness of the business portfolios of RHB. It is used to examine the different businesses in the portfolio on the basis of their relative market share and the market growth rate. The BCG matrix will provide the company a view on their business strength and relative market share in order to identify the comparative advantages indicated by the market dominance. Each segment will be plotted according to their relative share price and the market growth rate in the four quadrants, which include Stars, Question Marks, Cash Cows and Dogs. These segments have different mar ket leader which are CIMB Group Holding Berhad and Public Bank Berhad. After calculating the relative market share and market growth rate, we come to a conclusion that retail banking falls under the question mark quadrant as it has a low relative market share and high market growth rate. Retail banking has the highest revenue generated and therefore it has the biggest circle among all the 3 segments. This shows that retail banking is growing rapidly and they are still in the early stage of the product life cycle. Retail banking has a high potential to grow continually as they are still at the early stage of the product life cycle. However, retail banking has low market shares because they do not generate much cash. The company will face problem in collecting funds and they will not have enough cash for retail banking to grow. Retail banking falling under the question mark also known as having a problem child.  [30]  It has the potential in gaining market share and become a star if they work towards it. The market leader of RHB Retail banking belongs to Public banks retail banking in which both companys core business is the same. Public bank has the capability in becoming the market leader is because Public bank competes in the market for business growth and increased market share by differentiating itself through its highly efficient customer service delivery standards.  [31]  Public bank falls under the star quadrant as they have both high market growth rate and high relative market share for that segment. RHB Retail banking has the opportunity in moving towards the star quadrant by gaining market share. If retail banking doesnt become a market leader by growing its market share, it will then drop into the dogs quadrant when market growth declines. This segment needs to be analysed carefully to determine if they are worth the investment that is required to grow market share.  [32]  We will move on to the second largest segment revenue generator fo r RHB which is Corporate and investment banking. Corporate and investment banking falls under the cash cow quadrant as it has relatively high market share but low market growth rate. In fact, corporate and investment banking has a negative growth rate. This segment exhibit a return on assets that is greater than the market growth rate, and thus generating more cash than they consume.  [33]  Therefore, this segment provides the cash required to turn question mark into market leaders. Since RHB core business in retail banking falls under the question mark quadrant, the company may transfer the money generated from cash cow to turn retail banking into market leader which finally ends in the star quadrant. The third segment which falls under the 80% overall revenue generated is business banking. Business banking falls under the dog quadrant as this segment have relative low market share and low market growth. Business banking is not generating much revenue nor consuming large amount of cash. Business banking falling under the dog quadrant is actually a cash trap as the money tied up in this segment has very little potential in growing. RHB should reduce the amount of segments falling into the dog quadrant. Segment which falls under dog quadrant are candidates for divestiture.  [34]  RHB can dispose partial or the full investment in this segment through sale, exchange or closure.  [35]  RHB banking group is fifth largest fully integrated financial service group in Malaysia. The core businesses are divided into seven Strategic Business Groups (SBGs). Corporate and Investment banking are major in funding or lending needs of corporate customers.The revenue on assets ratio had slightly decreased from year 2010 to year 2011. The main reason is because the volatility in global market conditions led by the unresolved euro debt crisis and the slowdown of economy in Malaysia. This ratio show that how much revenue can be generated for each assets. Besides that, d ebt ratio of RHB bank had increased significantly from 0.6067:1 to 0.6560:1. The debt ratio indicates how well RHB banking group can efficiently manage the leverage of debt and assets. The of debt ratio from year 2010 to year 2011 indicates that RHB banking group have not efficiently manage the debt of RHB banking group. Next, segments assets to total assets ratio had a slightly decreased from year 2010 to 2011. The total assets had increased from 129,325,495 to 152,393,694. The increased in total assets mainly by the growth in loans and financing assets, cash and short term funds and statutory deposits. For instance, the segment assets also increased from year 2010 to 2011. The increases show that RHB banking groups have mainly to growth by using loans to financing assets. The will result the segment assets to total assets ratio increases from year 2010 to 2011. The segment liabilities to total liabilities ratio had slightly increased. The increase in total liabilities mainly is because the increase in deposits from customers. Furthermore, the profit before unallocated expenses over segment revenue had a significant decreased from year 2010 to 2011. It is mainly because of the in allowance for impairment loans financing had changed to become made for impairment loan financing. The overhead expenses in year 2011 had slightly increases and the segment revenue had decreases. This may indicate that RHB bank are not efficiently manage to generate enough revenue to cover the expenses. Retail Banking is a business segment which provides products and services to individual customers. The products and services offered to them include credit facilities (mortgages, hire purchase financing, study loans, lease financing and personal loans), credit cards, remittance services, deposit collection, general insurance and investment products.  [36]  Revenue from Retail banking had slightly increased by 18.17% or RM302 million. This is mainly due to a healthy growth of lo an, comprising mainly purchase of residential property, transport vehicles securities and lending to public sector. Increases in loan led to increases in segment assets.Increases in segment liabilities by 24% or RM6.1 million are mainly due to increases in deposits from customers. There are 3 types of deposits which are demand deposit, savings deposits, fixed or investment deposits and negotiable instrument of deposit. The growth rate of customer deposits was because of attractive deposit products. Overhead expenses increased significantly by 44.15% or RM261 million in particular year. This may due to the expansion of business volume and franchise. The number of Easy by RHB outlets had increased to 235 outlets from 111 outlets this year and thus incurred more usage of electricity and water, stationeries, rental, travel expenses and security system. In the point of efficiency in utilizing the cost in funding the assets or generating revenue, RHB Banking Group had performed well. In y ear 2010, debt ratio was 0.6819:1 which means that RM1 of segment asset can set-off RM0.6819 of segment liabilities. The ratio increased to 0.7285:1 which means that more segment liabilities can be set-off by the segment assets. Due to expansion of business volume and franchise, overhead expenses had increased. In efficiency ratio, RHB had improved in utilizing and controlling the expenses to maximize revenue. We can see that from the table above which the efficiency ratio had increased to 43% from 36% in previous year. Business Banking is major in funding and lending to small and medium sized enterprises. The revenue on assets ratio had a significantly increase from year 2010 to 2011. It is mainly because the group treasury revenue had significantly decreases. It is a measure of how efficiently management is using the assets to generate sales. A higher ratio indicates that the company is using its assets efficiently to increase revenue. The main reason of the increases of revenue o n assets ratio in year 2011 is because the group had efficiently generated revenue. The debt ratio had slightly increased from year 2010 to 2011. This indicates that the segment liabilities had increased faster than the segment assets. It is just a little changes, it is due to the increases in deposits of business banking. Next, the segment assets to total assets ratio had little movement to decrease sign on year 2011. It is mainly due to the increases in total asset of RHB banking group on year 2011. The segment liabilities to total liabilities ratio had slightly decreases because of the increases in total liabilities. The main reason is because the increases of liabilities in other segments. However, the segment liabilities for business banking had a slightly decreases. The profit before unallocated expenses for the year 2011 had a slightly increases. This indicates that RHB banking groups are efficiently and effectively generate higher revenue in year 2011. The overhead exp enses for year 2011 had increased significantly. The increases may lead to inefficient in managing the expenses over revenue. The expenses spend have over the revenue from year 2010 to year 2011. Its financial objectives are to attract new customers, increase market share and retain existing customers. The measurements of this prospective are customer satisfaction, customer growth and growth of deposits. In year 2011, overall customer satisfaction and loyalty scores had improved by 9% over the previous years scores. Customer growth is healthy as deposits from customers had increased to RM115 million from RM94million in year 2010. To attract new customers, image or reputation of the bank is very important as it impacts directly on financial performance of bank. A good reputation can attract more customers and hence increase business volume. This can be measured by customer growth. As most of the customers do not have sufficient financial knowledge, they may feel unsecured and u ncertain of which products suit them the most and can fulfill their needs. Thus, bank has the responsibility to provide relevant, understandable and fair information of every service and product. It can be printed out in brochure or flyers. Front-line employees must understand the products and services well and able to deliver right information to customers. It can reduce the mistakes when servicing customer as the employees know what are the needs of customer hence sell the right product to them. This can be measured by feedback from customers. The objectives are to increase innovations, improve operational efficiency, capabilities, and services. Managers have to focus on customer satisfaction and those internal processes in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and meet shareholders requirement which is maximize their share value and financial return. Innovation is important for bank to create new and innovative products or financial services which meet the nee ds of customers and also generate significant revenue from it. The products or services must be convenient for customers and cost efficient for bank. This can be measured by revenue generated from new product or service. Operational efficiency can be measured by operation expenses on operation revenue. It measured how much of operation expenses can generate RM1 of operation revenue. To improve it, manager has to control and manage the expenses so they spent in right and fair way. IT and information system (IS) can used to improve the efficiency. The more advance IT and IS are, the more efficient an employee performs tasks. However, employee must know how to use them so he/she can deliver good service. Good service from the bank is imperative for survival in the industry. Customer is a powerful and persuasive tool in promoting something. When the customers satisfied with the services provided by the bank, they will promote the product or service to people around them. As a result, it increases number of customers and revenue.Staff behaviours and attitudes play an important role in a service industry company. It can have significant affects to the efficiency and effectiveness of a company. For example, if the staff behaviours are not good enough to service customers it may influence the confidence of customers. Loss of confident on customers may lead to bad reputation on RHB bank. Hence, the staff behaviour of RHB bank can be used as an indicator of the efficiency and effectiveness. In terms of financial, one of the main goals of enterprises is the maximisation of profit. This can be achieved by cutting down unnecessary expenses that do not constitute to income generating. In order to achieve that, managers have to seek ways improving the productivity and optimisation of business processes as most of the times unnecessary operations caused backfire to enterprises with high expenses. For example, employees with too much slack time provide no productivity yet caus ing the enterprise to incur costs on their salaries which are wasted. In supportive of ultimate goal in creating wealth, enterprises also keen to increase revenues. Enterprises with more valuable customers and broader relationships with the VIP customers are more likely to have their revenues increased. This can be done through sales of new products and cross-selling of existing products. In this case, RHB need to value their customers highly and foster a good relationship with them in the seeking of generating more revenue. Besides, enterprises also keen to improve on their returns on spending (ROS). ROS is one of the methods to measure the efficiency in managing company funds. By engaging in high return activities, enterprises are able to maximise profits on the funds spent. Therefore, given with the ratio calculations on the main business segments, RHB should engage in business banking segment as it provides a high ROS.Enterprises always seek to gain competitive advantage over their rival companies in the same industry. It is much determined by the extracting, manipulating and use of information. In order to improve methods of gathering and analysing of information for a better decision making, it is essential to introduce innovative IT support systems. Other than that, enterprises with better allocation of resources have higher claims to offer the highest profitability. In the era of information technology, innovative banking and financial services such as Internet banking and mobile banking provides convenience to customers. Without any doubt, RHB should allocate more resources properly in developing such IT technologies to increase competitive advantage. Strategic jobs and competencies is also another issue as it includes the ability to cross-sell the financial products by focusing on customer needs. By doing this, employees of the company should have a better understanding of company background alongside the products and services, as well as th e understanding of financial markets as a whole. In this case, RHB should ensure that all of the employees have a well understanding of the company and the industry.RHB Banking Group has to grab any possible chance to increase its profit thus maximize shareholder value. Investments in Venture Company can be taken into consideration as company can enjoy tax incentives. Tax incentives can increase company profit. RHB should increase the income limit of loan to reduce the risk of unable to collect interest and loan. Reduces in bad debts can enhance the liquidity of the company. Regards the loan interest subsidy, RHB can provide a more attractive loan package for different ages of people to overcome this threat. To reduce the risk of inflation effect on the company, RHB must have skilful and experienced financial and investment analyst to evaluate any investment plan so Net Present Value of profit earned from investment project wouldnt be affected. From the analysis, we know that RHB do es not have enough branches throughout Malaysia. Their customers will switch to another bank to do banking as it is more convenient for them. In order to overcome this problem, the company may set up more branches all around the country. However, setting up branches and business operations consume large amount of funds. Although it consumes large amount of funds, it is profitable for RHB in long term. At the same time, the reputation of the bank will increase and the public will be aware of the bank. They may eventually switch to RHB if the bank can meet their needs. The bank should place concern with the culture of the local customers as to fulfil all their requirements. In order to attract more customers, RHB should come out with differentiated products however it will be imitated by other banks in a very short time. Besides that, RHB should often review the e-banking system (RHB Now) to avoid any errors in the website. This is because the customers will be confused if the informa tion provided in the website consist errors and it will definitely cause an adverse impact on the reputation of the bank. RHB should also provide support service to encounter the problems faced by the customers. The bank can collect the feedback from their customers as to improve their current services. Besides that, RHB should remind their customers to be alert with any fraudulent case. The bank should encourage the customers to report if they discover any fraudulent case. In order to lower the bargaining power of depositors. RHB Banking group must efficiently react to the changes of strategy by competitors. Competitors may implement new strategy anytime to get the competitive advantages. For example, lowest interest rate among banking industry or new promotion pack provided. These changes of strategy may have significant affect the bargaining power of suppliers. To improve, RHB bank must always observe on the movement of competitors. Besides that, to improve the bargaining power o f suppliers RHB Bank must always implement strong risk management on the changes in rules and regulations by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). BNM may change the legislation of bank any time. This may significantly affect the effectiveness of RHB bank. So that, a strong risk management can helps to lower the risks of losses. The management of RHB bank should provide training to the employees in order to have a good customer service. Besides that, they also have to standardize their banking procedures so that every branch is using the same procedures and can finish the process efficiently. By having a good customer service and efficient banking procedures can attract more customers to choose RHB bank. Moreover, the RHB bank management team has to ensure their employees are giving a good and polite service to the customers. Thus, by providing good services, the reputation of the bank will be improved. Other than that, in order to encourage the employees to provide a good service to the c ustomers, the management team can organize some internal competition among the employees such as the monthly best smile employee and he or she can get extra bonus for that month. This competition can motivate the employees to be more polite to the customers and they may work hard for the extra award. By increasing the market share on banking industry can helps to improve and maximize the shareholders wealth. Acquiring more shares on other banks can move RHB bank to market leader in banking industry. Growth and expansion of RHB banking group can helps to enhance shareholder value maximization. Revenue will be increase if successfully expand become larger in banking industry. Besides that, to ensure no new entrant can enter into banking industry, RHB bank must put higher entry barrier in terms of economies of scale. The higher entry barrier is the harder for new entrant to enter the industry. For example, if RHB bank can promote the promotion package to customers with the highest rate of return for depositors, new entrant may harder to promote the same things because of higher economies of scale needed. Strategies are always the weapon of a company. By implementing new strategies can get competitive advantages. By getting higher competitive advantages among competitors, it can help to increase revenue of RHB bank. Implementing new packages of savings or loans can fulfil customers needs and it can help to attract more customers. In order to overcome the threat of substitute products, in terms of branding, RHB bank certainly needs to improve their market capitalisation as it is facing stiff competition with other banks in the industry. By carrying out benchmarking with the market leader Maybank is one of the most effective ways. Compared to Maybank, RHB certainly need to increase its popularity among people by setting up more branches nationwide to ensure a better capture of potential customers. Other than that, RHB can also incur more expenditure in advertisin g to boost the brand name of the bank. In terms of investing, as we can see, there are many types of investment in the market for people to invest their money in. To cope with the threat of different kinds of investment, RHB should further increase the awareness of people towards its bank products by highlighting the key benefits and advantages of the products compared to other kinds of investment alternatives of other banks and financial institutions. For example, RHB can advertise more on its differentiated mortgage loan in the market by offering a lower rate or better benefits to the people. It is recommended that the company should focus on the core business segment of the company which gives the highest return. Since retail banking is the core business segment and it falls under the question mark quadrant, it shows that the segment has insufficient cash flow and has a potential growth. If this segment has the cash flow for development and growth in the market share, it can be p ushed to the star quadrant being the market leader of the industry. The cash flow needed for the retail banking growth can be obtained from the corporate and investment banking segment. This is because corporate and investment banking segment falls under the cash cow quadrant where it generates lots of cash flow but has very low growth. The company can fully utilized the money generated from this segment to push their core business to the star quadrant being the market leader. Besides that, the company should reduce having segments which falls under the dog quadrant. The business banking which falls under the dog quadrant should either dispose partially or completely. The investment can be disposed through sale, exchange or closure. To improve the financial ratio of RHB Bank on the segment of corporate and investment banking, RHB Bank needs to reduce the overall expenses of the segment and on the other hand generate more revenue for the segment. The revenue on assets ratio can be im proved by increasing the revenue higher than the assets. However, the main reason of not efficiently generate higher revenue is because of the global market condition. Revenue can be increase when the changes in better market conditions. Efficiently manage the debt of RHB bank can decrease the gearing of RHB bank. Always observe on the movement of market conditions implement different strategies to generate more revenues. As RHB expanded its business volume and franchise all across the Malaysia to fulfil the demand, costs such as rental, renovation, furniture, staffs and overhead had increased. To improve profitability, RHB should adopt an effective way to manage and control overhead expenses in branches. To increases deposits from customers, RHB can promote or advertise the products or package aggressively in magazines, media, social networks or forums. As RHB is doing well in business banking, it is recommended that the company should engage more in the segment for the years as th e industry of SME is being developed well in accordance to the SME Masterplan 2012-2020, introduced by SME Corporation Malaysia, seeking to contribute in accelerating the growth of SMEs to achieve the status of high income nation as stated in the Vision 2020 of Malaysia. Upon success, implementation of the Masterplan will involve more contribution from SMEs to the economy to the country as a whole by 2020. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Fifth Largest Financial Group In Malaysia Finance Essay" essay for you Create order